Pregnancy toxemia and metabolic changes of transition in small ruminants

Abstract

The objective of the presentation is to reacquaint the practitioner to pregnancy toxemia of small ruminants, and provide an in-depth discussion of metabolic alterations that lead to and are diagnostic for the disease process. Pregnancy toxemia is one of the most common metabolic diseases of small ruminants. The gravid uterus consumes significant glucose in late pregnancy, especially with multiple fetuses, placing the dam in a state of energy imbalance. Subsequent fat mobilization initiates a cascade of events that may ultimately lead to deranged metabolism and clinical disease. Ensuring the diet can adequately provide sufficient energy and protein to support fetal development is the cornerstone of disease prevention. Addressing issues of dietary fiber content and dry matter intake are as important as energy or protein density. Monitoring of dietary composition and animal blood metabolites can be a part of the overall flock health program to prevent significant disease consequences.