Milk Replacers for Pre-Ruminant Calves, Formulations, Problems, Economics

Abstract

When marketing calf milk replacers, there are three prime concerns, (1) must meet the nutritional requirements of the calf, (2) must be more economical than whole milk, (3) must have physical characteristics that make it convenient to use. These concerns should be ranked in this order. However, they often are not by both manufacturers and consumers. All three must be achieved in such away so as not to jeopardize the satisfactory fulfillment of the other two.