Practical Heat-Stress Management

Abstract

In many parts of the United States there are times in the year when environmental conditions pose many challenges to the dairyman. In my practice territory, from May through October, temperatures above 90° F and relative humidity above 80% are prevalent. During these periods of heat-stress, the dairyman must adapt his facilities and management practices to provide an environment for the cow that is conducive to profitable milk production. Environment directly and indirectly affects the survival and productivity of the dairy cow.¹ Temperature, wind velocity, and solar radiation directly affect the cow, while environmental influences on feed quality and intake affect cows indirectly.