Duration of recumbency and quality of nursing care of non-ambulatory cows affects the outcome of flotation therapy

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of recumbency duration and nursing care provided to nonambulatory cows on the outcome of the flotation therapy, and to assess the physiological responses to stress related to the flotation therapy. Recumbent cows that are unable or unwilling to stand and remain in a lying position for ≥12 h are defined as non-ambulatory cows. Care and management of recumbent cattle is considered a major animal welfare concern, particularly in the dairy sector. Regardless of the primary cause, an extended period of recumbency initiates secondary damage to the muscles and nerve tissue, causing a condition described as secondary recumbency, which greatly hinders cows' ability to recover. Flotation therapy has gained interest as a means to promote recovery in non-ambulatory cows and is based on the concept that by floating the cow in warm water, secondary pressure damage to muscles and nerves will be reduced.