Cobalt supplementation in pre-weaned beef calves affects humoral immune response, feedlot health, and final carcass characteristics

Abstract

Economic losses from bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle are $2 billion annually. Mineral supplementation during pre-weaning has potential to reduce sickness and improve health. Mineral cobalt (Co) is used by rumen-inhabiting microbes for the synthesis of vitamin B₁₂, which is a cofactor for vital metabolic pathways in tissue carbohydrate and lipid metabolism required for maintenance and growth. Vitamin B₁₂ is also vital for B cell proliferation to form plasma cells that secrete antibodies. Recent studies have shown that Co supplementation levels above NRC-recommended levels enhanced antibody response in weaned beef calves. The objective of this study was to evaluate if an oral Co (30 g CoO₄) sustained-release bolus dosed preweaning affects humoral immune response during the post-weaning feeding period, reduces the incidence of BRD, and improves carcass characteristics.