Monitoring Fetal and Neonatal Well-being in the Cow

Review

Abstract

At present, the main emphasis should be placed on prevention of asphyxia of calves to be born, since instruments suitable for a reliable clearing of respiratory passages, and for artificial respiration of calves under practical conditions are not yet widely available. At the same time, profitability factors still play a decisive role. The most important breeding objectives can be achieved only by those daily operational approaches which may lead to a reduction in the number of calvings that must be assisted.