Implant Programs and Philosophy

Abstract

Veterinarians have considerable input into implant programs decisions by their clients. Much research has been conducted for the purpose of elucidating ideal implant programs. Despite great effort and expense, clear consensus has not been reached. Use of estrogens and androgens must be considered both separately and together because of possibilities for additivity and complementarity. Mechanisms of hormone action must be understood in order to properly design implant programs. Cattle, management, marketing and nutrition must also be considered.