Health of Newborn Holstein Calves in Severe Cold
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21423/aabppro19877461Keywords:
mortality, neonatal calves, calf hutches, disease carriersAbstract
Morbidity and mortality among calves is a major concern of livestock producers, veterinarians, and animal health researchers world-wide. Notwithstanding use of the newest antibiotics and vaccines, death among neonatal calves has continued virtually unabated.1 In an effort to combat these losses many producers raise calves individually in calf hutches2 which serve to isolate calves from each other and from older cattle which act as carriers of disease organisms.1