Physical Defects Which Limit Breeding Soundness of Bulls

Abstract

The breeding soundness examination should include (a) a thorough physical examination with emphasis on the
locomotor and genital systems, (b) the collection and evaluation of semen and ( c) a test of the bull's ability to
copulate effectively and efficiently. The purpose of this presentation is (a) to describe pathological conditions which should be discovered on routine breeding soundness examination and (b) to discuss those defects which may be detected best by a test of mating ability.