Pharmacology in Neonatal Calves

Abstract

Although many of the same pathogens that invade the juvenile or adult bovine also can produce disease in the neonatal calf, several physiological differences in the neonate make it much different than just a "miniature cow". These physiological differences can alter the disposition of pharmaceutical agents (pharmacokinetics) in the neonate as well as alter the response of the neonate to a specific therapeutic agent (pharmacodynamics). After a brief overview of some terms used in pharmacokinetics, this paper will describe some physiological differences in neonates compared to adult cattle that are pertinent in drug disposition and response. Next, some specific examples of developmental changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics will be described. Finally, some recommendations for drug therapy in neonatal calves will be suggested.