Medical design for a total animal health care system

Abstract

The design of calf hutches which are exposed to environmental temperatures, and provide the animal with semi-isolation, and hence reduction of exposure to infectious diseases, is discussed with illustration of the construction details. Two weeks after weaning calves are put in groups of 8 into a hutch consisting of a 12 × 9 ft semi-portable unit built on skids, with a frame construction, covered with plywood and a shed roof. A restraint unit is also built into the design for processing procedures and safe, efficient handling of the animals. Calves of 4-5 months are transferred to a larger heifer/dry cow facility with natural ventilation and slatted floors. Exhaust air is conducted through an unobstructed open ridge in the 'stack effect'; this system reduces aerosol transmission between pens. Aspects of building design that enhance disease control methods are emphasized.